Essay on C.S. Lewis Mere Christianity - 1251 Words

C.S. Lewis: Mere Christianity C.S. Lewis covers many topics in his fourth book contained in Mere Christianity titled BEYOND PERSONALITY: OR FIRST STEPS IN THE DOCTRINE OF THE TRINITY. He addresses such topics as theology, what it means to be the Son of God, the three personal God, the relationship of God and time, the cost of being a Christian, how God works to turn us into image of Christ, why Christian growth is both hard and easy, and also what he thinks about our old personalities before becoming Christians. These are all relative topics that apply to us and our daily lives. Learning and understanding this book can help a Christian tremendously in forming a deeper relationship with God. Chapter One is a discussion about life†¦show more content†¦Time is the next topic covered. Time is an interesting and complex issue as it relates to God. Our human minds think of time in terms of past, present and future. We assume that this applies to the whole universe and to God. Lewis states; â€Å"Almost certainly God is not in Time. His life does not consist of moments following one another.† C.S. Lewis believes that it is always the present for God. God can see everything past and future as the present. Also since God is not in time he is not constrained by time. He can hear all prayers and attend to them individually. He then moves on to discuss God as the Father and the Son. According to Lewis, â€Å"The Son exists because the Father exists: but there never was a time before the Father produced the Son.† In Lewis’ view, the statement, â€Å"God is love† is not true unless there are a Father and a Son because love is for another person. à ¢â‚¬Å"Love is God† describes God’s creation of us and all that we do. The Trinity is God both as Supreme Being, Christ the son, and the Holy Spirit. If we let God have his way in our lives we can become sons of God. In Chapter Five Lewis uses an analogy of tin soldiers coming to life to describe how Christians are transformed into the likeness of Jesus. Our natural life if life self-centered in us. Chapter Six discusses individuals and a body of people. Lewis contends that Christianity considers individuals not by themselves but as organs in a body. Each individual isShow MoreRelated Mere Christianity by C.S. Lewis Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesMere Christianity by C.S. Lewis Mere Christianity, by C. S. Lewis, is written as set of guidelines of Christian belief. Lewis does not say there is any particular way to believe but he does make a point that the topic of religion itself is serious. As you consider whether you want to believe or not, you have to recognize how much thought it requires, and how thought provoking a process this decision is. Lewis covers Christianity in four different books within his book. In book one, LewisRead Moremere christianity852 Words   |  4 PagesMere Christianity Mere Christianity a book written by C.S. Lewis, one of the greatest writers of his time, is a life-changing introduction to the Christian faith ever written. This book is based on C.S. Lewis’s broadcast radio talks in the BBC around the time of the war years. In book one and book two of Mere Christianity Lewis explains the right and wrong of human nature as well as what Christians believe. Lewis’s work is so inspirational because these talks were not solely intended for the ChristianRead MoreArgument For The Existence Of A Law Of Nature1217 Words   |  5 PagesIn C.S. Lewis’ Mere Christianity, Lewis bases the majority of his argument for Christianity on the existence of a Law of Nature, or Moral Law. He argues that this is the source of the moral compass common to all of mankind and proves the existence of the Christian God. Lewis stresses the importance of this concept to explain the validity of Christian doctrine. This paper will analyze Lewis’ argume nt for the existence of a Law of Nature in Mere Christianity as well as â€Å"Mere Christianity by C.S. Lewis†Read MoreChristianity, By Clive Staples Lewis1657 Words   |  7 PagesIn Mere Christianity, Clive Staples Lewis, known as C.S Lewis known best for his writing, and being a Christian apologist, divides the novel into 4 different section. Each book emphasizes the struggles he has faced and overcome as well as personal life lessons he has learned. The first section, Right and Wrong as a Clue to the Meaning of the Universe focus on moral law and the law of nature. Christians Believe, second section, corresponds with his life because Lewis has had many interviews defendingRead MoreChristianity Is Not An Ideal, It s A Life Style Choice1715 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity is not an ideal, it’s a life style choice. You are not born into a religion, you are not a Christian, Jewish, Buddhist or any specific religion from birth, you are raised as to be that religion. C.S. Lewis is an example of someone who was brought up in a Protestant household, lost faith through his teen years and found Christianity in college. We develop our religion throughout our years, growing more knowledgeable from our experiences and realizing that each of God’s teachings can relateRead MoreC.S.Lewis1821 Words   |  8 PagesC.S. Lewis: Christian Apologist Included in the 10 most influential Christians of the 20th century alongside Karl Barth, Pope John XXIII, Martin Luther King Jr, and Billy Graham, the Christian History magazine named him the atheist scholar who became an Anglican, an apologist, and a ‘patron saint’ of Christians everywhere. He was also dubbed as an â€Å"apostle to the skeptics† because he resolutely answered frequent objections individuals had when it came to accepting Christ as their Savior (christianodysseyRead MoreMere Christianity Essay1420 Words   |  6 PagesThrough the eyes of C.S. Lewis: Simple Christianity In England, during the year of 1942 when all hope was threatened by the inhumanity of war, a man by the name of C.S. Lewis addressed the central issues of Christianity through a series of radio lectures. After more than half a century later, his broadcasts still prevail and maintain their poignancy. Each of his original lectures, Broadcast Talks (1942), Christian Behaviour (1943), and Beyond Personality (1944) were compiled as one to makeRead MoreThe Lion, The Witch, And The Wardrobe1116 Words   |  5 Pagesbeliefs and perhaps influenced future writers to come. C.S. Lewis’ past experiences and authors such as George MacDonald, Beatrix Potter, Greek Mythology, and the Bible have significantly influenced C.S. Lewis’ The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe through the use of anthropomorphisms, mythical creatures, and allegories making it one of the greatest children stories of all time.    On November 29, 1898 in Belfast, Northern Ireland, Clives Staples Lewis began his life. At the young age of ten, his motherRead MoreClive Staples Lewis Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesChristian, soldier, author, or speaker, C.S. Lewis inspired many in his lifetime. The trials he encountered in his life made him a more inspiring and respectable author and person. Narnia, one of his most popular works, demonstrates moral characteristics in ways we can more easily understand with fictitious characters and settings (Gilbert 14). Young Life Clive Staples Lewis was born in Belfast, Northern Ireland to Albert J. Lewis and Florence Hamilton Lewis (Lewis Foundation) on November 29, 1898Read MoreThe Chronicles Of Narni The Lion, The Witch, And The Wardrobe1183 Words   |  5 Pages1898, Clives Staples Lewis was a British author best known for The Chronicles of Narnia series and the book of Mere Christianity, although he has written more than 40 books. In 1916, C.S Lewis was drafted into the army to serve in war, an experience that turned him into an atheist. In 1929, Lewis converted from atheism to theism and in September of 1931, after talking to his close friend, J.R.R Tolkien, Lewis became a Christian. C.S. Lewis started to write about Christianity and on October 16, 1950

Air Pollution And Its Effects On The World - 2277 Words

ABSTRACT Present day scenario of Delhi in terms of air pollution is undermining and is predicted to continue growing on that front. The air quality, in-fact, is the worst of all the major cities in the world. One of the reasons for the suffering air quality is Vehicular Pollution which is mainly due to the fuels. This paper mainly intensifies on the use of CNG instead of Petroleum-based fuels like petrol and diesel. It compares all of the above with respect to pollution control as well as the expenses associated with their use to suit the general public. This paper provides the current status of the use of these fuels and their preferences. INTRODUCTION â€Å"Normal human activity is more harmful for nature than the greatest wars or nuclear explosions in history.† For the last decade, pollution has been on a steep rise all across the world with air pollution taking a lead. In India, particularly in Delhi, the level of pollution is scarily high making it the eleventh most polluted metropolis in the world[1]. A considerable role in pollution is played by Air pollution. Air pollution is caused by road dust, industrial gases, vehicular pollution, burning of solid wastes and concrete batching[2]. Vehicular Pollution is due to emissions from vehicle including PM10 and PM2.5, Sulphur Oxides, Nitrogen Oxides, Volatile organic compounds, CO, air pollutants including Benzene, Carbon di-oxide (owning to the greenhouse effect), partially burnt Hydro Carbons and certain amount of Lead.Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Air Pollution On The World1299 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental Pollution Environmental pollution is a very serious problem in American and the world. Environmental pollution has many different faces from air pollution to water pollution. But the main one I am going to focus on is air pollution and how it affects us in a negative way. In this paper I am going to show you how air pollution can affect us and how it can affect the world. I am also going to show how we can prevent pollution from getting any more out of hand that it already has. AccordingRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On The World1336 Words   |  6 Pagespropellants used to spray chemicals. The Industrial Revolution left an impact on the world far greater than just inventions and set forth a world of change. Although the Industrial Revolution brought many great devices in to the world, it also could have caused the accelerated climate change and warming that we saw throughout the 21st century. In fact, over the 900 years before the Industrial Revolution began, the average world temperature was in decline and the 1990s was the warmest decade on record.Read MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On The World s Air899 Words   |  4 Pages Air pollution is a major issue in our general public nowadays. We run over it inside, when individuals have been smoking, and outside, where engine vehicle fumes contaminates the air. For quite a long time researchers have been cautioning us that contaminated air is a danger to our wellbeing. It appears these notice are not being taken intensely enough. In all actuality air contamination is deteriorating, particularly in populated societies. We should consequently make immediate move to advanceRead MoreOverview of Air Pollution1861 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Air pollution remains one of the most urgent and serious problems facing the world today. Research studies conducted in the past have clearly indicated that in addition to harming the environment, the effects of air pollution on human health are particularly adverse. In this text, I discuss air pollution, its causes, and effects. Further, I propose solutions that could be embraced to rein in the problem of air pollution. Air Pollution: An Overview Air pollution in the words of MillerRead MoreEffects Of Air Pollution Essay855 Words   |  4 PagesNia Wilson The effects of Air pollution Environmental pollution is the key concern for the humanity. It does not have any borders each member of our planet is affected by its devastating effects. Air pollution is the main factor contributing to general environmental problems. It is the emission of particulates, harmful materials, and biological molecules in the Earth’s atmosphere and is caused by both human and natural factors. The effects of air pollution are shocking. It causes numerous diseasesRead MoreHealth Effects Of Air And Water Pollutants1269 Words   |  6 PagesHealth effects of air and water pollutants are major environmental issues that need to be better understood and controlled in the United States and globally. This issue is so important for many reasons, but for this discussion it is being identified to give a voice to the urgency to the world to pay attention to how our environment is failing into a catastrophic level of decline because of these types of pollutants. In order to overcome the poll utants there needs to be a call to action. We needRead MoreEffects Of Population Pollution Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pages Population around the world is growing rapidly each year, which is unfortunately causing negative impacts on the environment. Each day the air around us is becoming more polluted as the amount of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere caused by human activities increases each day. As population continues to gradually increase, it is causing harmful effects in terms of air pollution. An increase in the number of people directly varies with the pollution that is emitted into the environment. MoresoRead MoreEssay on Severe Air Pollution in China1563 Words   |  7 Pagesyears of ignoring the air pollution, smog ridden China has finally begun to take this issue more seriously. They are the worst country in the world when it comes to air pollution due to their huge population and large demand of manufactured goods (AFOP). This however is no excuse for what they do to the environment.This is a very important issue because of how much environmental damage can be prevented as well as setting an example of pollution reduction across the world. They must take thisRead MoreThe Effects Of Air Pollution On Our Lives1304 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the recent years, air pollution has been the main cause of health problems in this society. Air pollution has caused so many health related sickness to the life we live in now. Air pollution has brought in high increases of poisonous gases that impact the weather by global warming, and the air we breathe. As we breathe this toxic air we get in the same chemicals that are mostly found in cigarettes. Some people could get many diseases breathing this kind of air today, because the cigarettesRead MoreHealth Effects Of Air And Water Pollutants1159 Words   |  5 PagesHealth effects of air and water pollutants are major environmental issues that need to be better understood and controlled in the United States and globally. â€Å"Pollution can occur from natural causes or from human activities† (Air and Water Pollution, 2015, p. 1). This issue is so im portant for many reasons, but for this discussion, it is being identified to give a voice to the urgency for the world to pay attention to how our environment is falling into a catastrophic level of decline because of

Horror in the Maing Free Essays

Another sub-genre of supernatural horror took off in the sass also, with Carrie 1976), a Stephen King based film, and The Omen (1976), which was part psychological horror, part supernatural; and was strongest in the sass with films such as Poltergeist (1982) and Child’s Play (1988). Since sass’s Dawn of the Dead horror has been almost always full of gory blood and guts, notable examples being My Bloody Valentine (1981) and Videophone (1983). Today the whole â€Å"gore fest† Is what most horror films are, such as the Saw series (2004-2010), the Final Destination series (2000-). We will write a custom essay sample on Horror in the Maing or any similar topic only for you Order Now Countless remakes of older, classic horrors are also being churned out, such remakes including The Phantom of the Opera (2004) and The Omen (2006). The horror franchise has truly become a joke, with only a couple of really good horror films having been churned out in the last decade, and constant remarking, gore fests, and sequels being churned out. You can tell it’s a Joke thanks to Matthew Horn and James Cordon’s Lesbian Vampire Killers (2009), which was clearly taking the muck, and did it successfully, and the Scary Movies (2000-2006) to a less successful degree. HORROR CAN MEAN DIFFERENT THINGS When people think of horror in a film, they might think of blood, gore and violence. Horror can also be used to describe a film containing supernatural themes, or frightening or disturbing content. Older horror films would be based around people’s actual fears, the things happening In the movies would be things that could actually happen to a normal excellent, a good example would be Psycho (ODL Hitchcock 1960) It shows a women wanting to escape from her regular life, and running away to meet a partner, stopping in a motel on the way, which is obviously where the troubles begins. Recent horror films have many sub-genres to them and I feel the even though hey do have the same conventions from a typical horror, the pure horror genre is rapidly disappearing. For example, most horrors nowadays have a mixed genre; torture films (saw, dir Wan, 2004) thrillers (The departed, dir Scores, 2006) and horror parodies (scary movie, dir Yawns, 2000) The audience attracted to horror films now expect more gore and more fictional, Jumpy storyline, two popular examples being the Mist (dir Dartboard, 2007) and Jeepers Creepers (dir Salsa 2001). Both films included fictional monsters, which we know do not exist in the real world, forever both films are placed under the horror genre because the modern audience find things like this scarier, Fear of the unknown. Audience expectations Why do people choose to watch horror films? Horror films are able to entertain and excite audience on a level other film genres can’t. The â€Å"Thrill factor† makes them appealing to audiences and is what makes them so different and unique to other genres. Audiences come to expect certain codes and conventions in any given genre. Horror films are designed to elicit strong emotional reactions from viewers, including fear and dread; Researchers have identified various datives for viewing horror films, including the need for excitement, the desire to feel intense emotions, and distraction from everyday concerns. Although dramatic films can fulfill some of these needs, movies depicting violence and horror have features that other forms of drama do not, including the violation of social norms and the portrayal of events seldom seen in real life. Audiences willingly offer themselves up to sadistic storytellers to be scared witless, and they are happy to pay for the privilege. Theories abound as to why this is so; do we derive basic thrills from reigning the rush of adrenalin which fear brings People rarely view horror films alone. Violent entertainment appeals primarily to males, and it appeals to them mostly in groups. For many young people and adults, horror films are a topic of conversation, a source of shared experience, and a meaner of self-presentation. Not everyone will like the blood and gore, but many may continue to watch because of other goals, such as demonstrating their ability to tolerate it, or the desire to master the threatening images. As film technology advances and the things that audiences look for in horror films changes How to cite Horror in the Maing, Papers

Incorporating Drone Technology

Question: Discuss about the Incorporating Drone Technology within Medium Sized Organization. Answer: Introduction: The UAV or Unmanned Aerial Vehicle is an advanced technology that can fly over a specified region and height and controlled through the remote (Kuzma et al., 2016). The study includes the various considerations while using drone technology within a business. Various organizations are staring to using drone technology for commercial purpose. It has been assumed that the organization will be using different types of drones for various industries. It will create the drones rather than purchasing from some vendor. The CEO of the organization has now asked to provide information about the potential impact of the technology in each of the five industries (existing and proposed). The organization has an existing information system. The biggest challenge for incorporating the rising technology within the current business will be making connection between the infraction technology and drone technology. The purpose of the report is to provide an overview of the drone current use and impact technology in media, transport, agriculture, tourism and mining industry. In addition to that, the report aims to provide information like risks, ethical, legal and social considerations for using drone technology. The objective of the report will be providing an outline of risks and commercial profit of using the drone technology in organization. Organizational Background: Currently a medium sized organization is trying to make use of drone technology within mining, agriculture and transport industries. The organization is using information technology within its business. It is presently considering further enhancement inside the following five years, utilizing ICT as a center competency. Its arrangements incorporate growing the association's operations inside Australia and into the Asian district from a topographical point of view, and into different ventures. The potential territories of expansion incorporate media and tourism businesses. The CEO of the association is occupied with the utilization of drones as one of the advancements to be considered as a piece of this enhancement system. Nonetheless, she knows about both positive and negative parts of utilizing drones as a key type of innovation in the association. Analysis on Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Definition of Drone Technology: Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVS), are also called drones, are airplane either controlled by "pilots" from the ground progressively, independently taking after a pre-modified mission (Perritt Sprague, 2015). While there are many distinctive sorts of drones, they fundamentally fall into two classes: those that are utilized for observation and reconnaissance purposes and those that are outfitted with rockets and bombs. The utilization of drones has developed rapidly as of late because not at all like kept an eye on drone they can stay up high for a long time (Kuzma et al., 2016). Those are much less expensive than the military drone, and they are flown remotely, so there is no peril to the flight group. Current use of Drones: Mining industries: Drones have turned out to be basic in many real businesses. A standout amongst the most encouraging utilizations of UAVs is to help with the extraction of crude materials, particularly in the mining industry (Fitzpatrick et al., 2016). Logistical apparatus are bringing, supervision of transports or investigation of pipelines: Mentioning just a small amount of the capacities that micro drones take in the extractive enterprises. An extensive variety of UAV-applications: From science and remote detecting to notable protection. Transportation and logistics industries: In terms of logistics, particularly at short proximity, the fast conveyance and pickup by the drone from the air is a future alternative as well as the standard transport of items and merchandise. The territories of use are firstly the inner and outer transportation and delivery, and additionally the conveyance of products (Carroll, 2015). Agricultural industries: The agriculture drone business will yield a sound economic product throughout the following four years, as indicated by a late market report (Stone Crandall, 2016). Covering regions, for example, settled and revolving rambles and in addition information administration, imaging programming and information investigation, the report pegs the accuracy horticulture ramble showcase at $2.9 billion by 2021 up 28 percent from a 2015 valuation of $673 million. Media: Reporting, other than figuring out how to make a smart feature, journalism students at the University of Missouri in Columbia are taking automaton flying lessons. The top-positioned J-school is currently offering a class in automatons as data social affair devices (Carroll, 2015). Understudies are figuring out how to utilize the gadgets for video, investigative reporting, photography and more. Tourism: Drones have generally been utilized for military, development looking over and observation purposes, however, they are presently assembling more influence in tourism with specialist co-ops seeing their advantages (Smith, 2015). Aerial videos have been utilized by traveler sheets and tourism advancement bodies, to improve the assets of their goal and the excellence of the common scene. Settlement suppliers, occasions organizations, amusement, touring administrators, and yachting organizations are utilizing automatons to catch consideration. Incorporation of Drone into Organization: Integration: The organization must link the drone technology with its existing information system. The data collected by the drones will be directly stored in the systems database (Lee et al., 2016). Use of application program interface should plug into the system directly. Work management: After successful integration. Work of the specific types of drones will be recognized. Then works will be automatically allotted to those devices to the system (Perritt Sprague, 2015). Approval: In terms of using the drones for the commercial purposes, all the FAA rules need to be followed. The organization needs to get approval from FAA to start using the technology (Mathews, 2014). Operator management: Some of the drones, such as mining drones, will be operated by a particular person. The operator management system is crucial as it will allocate jobs to the operators (Clarke Moses, 2014). Autonomous information collection: The software and path-ups will be installed within the drones system. Hardware specification will depend on the purpose of the drone. One of the most crucial software is the autonomous flight control and in-flight data collection (Goeringer, Ellixson Moyle, 2015). Data processing: The data collected by the drones will be processed for identifying the information. This information is further used for improving the organizational profit. Short Terms and Long Terms Options: The short terms options of using the drones for the organization are getting the completive advantage, removing the existing small business gaps, reducing human interaction and getting more prcised data. The long-term option for the organization is achieving organizational objectives, getting more customer satisfaction and taking more accurate decisions. Advantage and Disadvantages of Using Drones: Advantages: Good for the environment: A solitary, battery-controlled automaton setting out to bring your request versus substantial outflows reaching conveyance truck is an unlimited change with regards to emanations and vitality effectiveness (Kwak, 2014). Better Economic Effect: Present study approximates over the ten-year traverse from 2015 to 2025 UAV combination inside national drone will represent $82.1 billion in employment creation and financial development (Fine Planning, 2015). Over a ten year traverse, work creation from business ramble utilize will comprise fundamentally of assembling occupations. Outstandingly, business utilization of automatons will overwhelmingly influence horticulture and open security more so than trade. Because of the capacity to cover substantial zones, ramble use in horticulture is expected to adequately encourage and hydrate plants while additionally restricting introduction to sicknesses (Paquette, 2016). Accessing Hard-to-reach places physically: Drones can assist with law authorization, media scope, cultivating, and upkeep to ranges that are hard to reach physically (Jenks, 2015). Business Growth: Depending upon the business, the business can develop exponentially whether it is in the territory of giving the administration, conveyance of items, only for no particular reason or photography (Kwak, 2014). Disadvantages: Privacy Apprehension: The drone will utilize GPS to discover your home and will have a camera with a specific end goal to securely arrive and explore its environment. It is far-fetched that this data will be utilized as a part of detestable ways however security assurances may be actualized (Goeringer, Ellixson Moyle, 2015). Physical Safety: Questions have been raised about utilizing rambles close airplane terminals and bringing on unsafe circumstances. Different inquiries have been raised about the effect on ruthless flying creatures that may consider automatons to be a danger (Jenks, 2015). Legal Issues: Permits and Logistics might be exorbitant or tedious relying on the rules that will be advanced by the FAA and the Federal Government (Paquette, 2016). Risks and Potential Solutions: Risk no. Potential risk Description Solution 1 Inappropriate operator The person controlling the drone may not be capable of controlling it completely. In some critical cases, this incapability of the user can result in loss of business profit. One essential risk administration device for UAVs that backup plans will take a gander at is preparing. Without successful preparing in the risks included, UAV administrators will never have the capacity to work at ideal securely (Carroll, 2015). The NPRM demonstrated that administrators would need to breeze through an aeronautical learning test. It is likely that this will incorporate the need to exhibit a comprehension of aeronautical outlines, meteorology, optimal design and that's only the tip of the iceberg. 2 Safety The safety of the drone, while it is operating, is a serious concern. The pre-installed safety procedure can be violated due to environmental issues, the interaction between observer and operator, pre-flight and post-flight checks. Safety documents, for example, pre-flight agendas, logbooks and a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) are set up segments of kept an eye on flying at all levels. These reports go under the general heading of a Safety Management System (SMS) (Finn Wright, 2016). 3 Injury There is always a risk in using the drone with people below or around it. Technical difficulty can arise anytime and operator may lose control of the device. Many start-up innovation organizations are taking a shot at answers for these UAV-related dangers (Fitzpatrick et al., 2016). Geofencing, or the capacity to incorporate innovation into the product to keep an automaton from flying in the confined airspace, will soon be accessible to the mass market. A few makers are as of now incorporating it into their items. 4 Privacy People's privacy concerns may be violated with the use of drones. The pictures or videos of a person taken through the drone may be leaked in social media site or shared among various people can violate the privacy concern of him/her. Utilizing rambles in a mindful and moral way will at last prompt to a lower chance profile and in addition more noteworthy open acknowledgment of this questionable new innovation. Straightforward insurances can be taken to abstain from breaking an individual's sensible desire of security (Lindsay, 2015). These could incorporate picking up the individual's agree to be taped and taking consideration not to distribute any pictures or material caught without their assent. Ethical, Social and Legal Considerations: Ethical Considerations: The photographs and the videos have been taken through the drone needs to be confirmed first by the government or particular person appeared in the video (Perritt Sprague, 2015). The drones cannot be used without any special reason for spying on someones personal life. Social Considerations: The data gathered using the drone should not get into the wrong hand. For avoiding this situation, the drones memory must be secured with encryption technique. In order to maintain the conversion effectiveness, create hostility towards conservation among the local population (Clarke Moses, 2014). Legal considerations: In terms of sale, distribution, and manufacturing of drones, the manufacturers must have knowledge about the product liability laws (Perritt Sprague, 2015). There are insurance considerations including first and outsider property harm, first and outsider individual damage and security infringement. Conclusion: The drone technology has an immense impact on the organization's decision of expanding its business to Asia and other two industries. The organization is intended to move into businesses that use the drones. In terms of various industries, the organization has to use different drones, and the coding of the software will also vary. The organization also needs to take care of the fact that the drones are not misused by the operator or any other employee. For bounding the use of the drones to a certain extent, FAA has created some rules. The FAA's draft rules exhibit that the FAA is determined to coordinating UAS into America's skies. Be that as it may, the guidelines are still excessively difficult relative, making it impossible to the dangers displayed by current Small UAS innovation. They are additionally over-troublesome in respect to what different nations are doing and to America's spearheading history. Risks are inevitable while an organization is using technology; there is no exception for drone technology. The study has provided a small overview of the risks that are associated with the use of drone technology. In spite of having so many challenges and risks, the advantages that this technology offers to the organization is enough for overlooking the drawbacks. Through the use of drones, the organization can get a competitive advantage in all the five industries. The particular security, information assurance and moral issues connected with the common utilization of automatons are hard to bind, given automatons' differing abilities and applications. Drones raise imperative moral issues. For instance, pilots working drones at a separation might be contaminated by a "Play Station" mindset and disregard adequate moral practice, particularly on especially perilous missions. As to and also security and information insurance, Clarke takes note of that regular controls, for example, financial matters, innovative restrictions, industry self-direction and notoriety dangers, neglect to give the adequate disincentive to unreliable, or even unlawful, utilization. Recommendations: Use of drones equipped with high capability sensor: Regarding mining, the organization should use drones that are equipped with very good sensors. In addition, the drones must be able to capture at least hundred pictures per square kilometer. In order to create the road map of mines, the organization needs to have accurate data. Using the drones with high payload delivery: If it is about transportation, the drones must be able to transport heavy products from one place to another with at least ninety-five percent accuracy. The technical experts must be aware of the fact that while transporting a product, the drone may face some technical difficulty. Therefore, a software package will be installed within the drone that will indicate any error in the internal operations of the drone. Low altitude flying and low price: being cheap is the prime benefit of the drones in the agricultural industry. The organization needs to remove all the unnecessary parts of a drone so that it can be created at the lowest cost possible. As there is no need to fly high, the drones will be built with the capability of flying at low altitude with stability. The capability of auto flight: The drones that will be used in the media should be capable flying at a particular height until it is again connected to the remote again (in case loosing signal for any cause). The drone will use some integrated sensors stay stable at a distance height from where it cannot be contacted physically. Training: The drones are very dangerous for the surrounded human being. It is highly suggested to the organization, to provide proper training to the operator. Maintaining FAA rules: FAA has crated various rules for commercial use of drones. The organization is bound to maintain those rules so that any future contradictions with the government can be avoided. References Carroll, R. L. (2015). God's eye news: The use of drones in journalism, a documentary film. Choi-Fitzpatrick, A., Chavarria, D., Cychosz, E., Dingens, J. P., Duffey, M., Koebel, K., ... Holland, J. (2016). Up in the Air: A Global Estimate of Non-Violent Drone Use 2009-2015. Clarke, R., Moses, L. B. (2014). The regulation of civilian drones' impacts on public safety.Computer Law Security Review,30(3), 263-285. Fine, D., Planning, S. (2015). Influencing Change. Finn, R. L., Wright, D. (2016). Privacy, data protection and ethics for civil drone practice: A survey of industry, regulators and civil society organisations.Computer Law Security Review,32(4), 577-586. Goeringer, P., Ellixson, A., Moyle, J. (2015). Privacy Issues and the Use of UASs/Drones in Maryland. Jenks, C. (2015). State Labs of Federalism and Law Enforcement'Drone'Use. Jenks, C. (2015). State Labs of Federalism and Law Enforcement'Drone'Use. Kuzma, J., Dobson, K., Robinson, A., Williams, N. (2016). Drones in Business: Can your Organisation Capitalise on this New Technology?. Kwak, Y. A. (2014). A Study on Drones Liability on Flight in South Korea. Lee, E. J., Shin, S. Y., Ko, B. C., Chang, C. (2016). Early sinkhole detection using a drone-based thermal camera and image processing.Infrared Physics Technology,78, 223-232. Lindsay, B. (2015). [10WashJLTechArts343] Drone Drain: How the FAA Can Avoid Draining (and Instead Spur) the American Drone Industry by Adding Nuance to its Draft Small UAS Rules. Mathews, B. D. (2014). Potential Tort Liability for Personal Use of Drone Aircraft.. Mary's LJ,46, 573. Nicas, J., Pasztor, A. (2014). Drone Flights Face FAA Hit.Wall Street Journal. Paquette, J. R. (2016). Uncle Sam Is Watching You: A Recommendation for Minnesota Legislation Regarding Police Drone Use.Mitchell Hamline L. Rev.,42, 1296. Paquette, J. R. (2016). Uncle Sam Is Watching You: A Recommendation for Minnesota Legislation Regarding Police Drone Use.Mitchell Hamline L. Rev.,42, 1296. Perritt Jr, H. H., Sprague, E. O. (2015). Seeking Law Abiding Drones: What to Tell Clients that Want to Use Drones in Their Business.Laguna. Rehfuss, A. (2015). The Domestic Use of Drones and the Fourth Amendment.Alb. Gov't L. Rev.,8, 313. Smith, K. W. (2015). Drone technology: Benefits, risks, and legal considerations.Seattle J. Envtl. L.,5, i. Stone, B., Crandall, Z. (2016). Tilt-Rotor Drone.

Reconstruction

Introduction The American civil war marked a major turning point in the history and development of the United States. From the years 1863-1877, issues relating to the civil war, confederacy, slavery and handling of the freed black men dominated the country’s history. Reconstruction therefore represented a return to the Union of the southern states that had seceded and treatment of the freed slaves and confederate leaders1.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reconstruction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The reconstruction took place in three phases namely the Presidential reconstruction of 1863-1866, Radical reconstruction of 1866-1873 and the redemption of 1873-1877. Both Presidents Lincoln and Andrew Johnson played crucial roles in the reconstruction by mainly opposing Republican Party views thus subtly spurring radicalism as well as phenomenal changes in the North and South. Discussion President Lincoln a nd later Johnson set the pace for reconstruction2. Their emphasis by both presidents on a speedy reunion of the country by bringing back the South characterized presidential reconstruction phase. Both presidents’ policies were mostly moderate and found little favor among Radical Republicans in congress. After the radical republicans gained some power in the 1866 elections, radical reconstruction phase mainly led by congress republicans and emphasizing civil and voting rights for freed African-Americans began. The Redemption or Home rule marked the end of the Congressional phase of reconstruction after it became clear the electorate was getting weary of the radical politics. Additionally, Republicans made a tactical retreat from their radical politics in order to secure support of their federal expansionist policies from southerners and Democrats. Republicans in congress were mainly the drivers of radical congressional reconstruction3. Republicans dominated congress and their radicalism stemmed from the tussles they had with the presidency on the fate of the South and to what extent republican ideals must apply in the South. Radical Republican leaders like Senator Charles Sumner fanned the radical congressional reconstruction mainly through the radical Republican faction that sought to use Congress to dictate the re-admission of the South to the Union and also to enforce the republican government ideals on the South including universal freedom for all people. Though both presidents’ approaches to reconstruction contributed to the rise of radicalism, President Johnson was largely responsible for radicalization of the Republican Party4. Johnson had a bitter tussle with Congress with the President regularly vetoing radical Republican backed bills and Congress overriding the vetoes.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Johnson angered and emboldened even furth er the Radical Republican Party by adopting a near unilateral approach in the South’s readmission to the Union. In particular, Johnson’s plan to offer amnesty and restoration of property to Southerners and admission of the Southern States under lenient terms led to a near return to slavery in the South5. The Creation of the Joint Committee on Reconstruction and Passage, empowerment and extension of Freedman’s Bureau and passage of the Civil Rights Bill in 1866 by Congress were direct challenges to the President’s plan, which led to a bitter relationship between the two institutions culminating in the 1866 election when radical Republicans took power. Both Presidents Lincoln and Andrew Johnson played crucial roles in the reconstruction by mainly opposing radical Republican Party views thus subtly spurring radicalism as well as phenomenal changes in the North and South. Both the North and South stubbornly stuck to their beliefs and values. Though the two si des reached consensus, their respective values persisted for a long time but within a larger framework of the USA. It is safe to conclude that the presidents and the radical Congress helped save the basic ideals of the USA thorough reconstruction. Bibliography Henretta, James and Brody, David. America: A Concise History. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2009. Nolen, Claude. African American Southerners in Slavery, Civil War and Reconstruction. New York: McFarland, 2005. Footnotes 1 James Henretta and David Brody, America: A Concise History, (New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2009), 79-100.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Reconstruction specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More 2 Claude Nolen, African American Southerners in Slavery, Civil War and Reconstruction (New York: McFarland, 2005), 55-70. 3 Claude Nolen, African American Southerners in Slavery, Civil War and Reconstruction (New York: McFarland, 2005), 104-110. 4 Claude Nolen, African American Southerners in Slavery, Civil War and Reconstruction (New York: McFarland, 2005), 66-80. 5 Claude Nolen, African American Southerners in Slavery, Civil War and Reconstruction (New York: McFarland, 2005), 83-107. This essay on Reconstruction was written and submitted by user Bennett Odom to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. 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buy custom The Great Trade-Off Illusion essay

buy custom The Great Trade-Off Illusion essay It is crucial to note that people create organizations and firms in order to leverage their collective resources with an aim of pursuing common goals. Hart (2011) argues that as organizations and firms pursue these given goals, they interact with others within the larger context known as the society. Based on their goals, firms can be classified as either non-profit, for profit, or governmental. As a result of scarce resources, it has become extremely crucial for organizations to adopt sustainable ways of carrying out their activities or otherwise, they may fail to operate in the foreseeable future. For instance, many firms that rely on fossil fuels have experienced a drastic reduction in their profits in the last five years. This is due to the sharp increase of this commodity in the international markets, where oil prices per barrel have surged by almost 300% to at least $147 in 2011 in comparison to 2008 (Hart, 2011). As a result of this, it has become crucial for firms to adopt modern ways of carrying out business to enhance profitability, both in the short and long-run. However, as indicated by Friedman (1970), sustainable ways of carrying out business remains highly controversial. Some people who deeply thought why business exists or the general purpose of itdo not agree with societal obligations of companies, especially towards sustainable development. The paper will critically examine the issue of the great trade-off illusion in relation to the perspectives of Milton Friedman and Charles Handy. As indicated above, the importance of enhancing social activities in the place where they operate cannot be underrated. However, in the past, the issue of participation in societal activities by firms has faced stiff criticism from such scholars as Milton Friedman and Charles Handy. Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, argued that the issue of corporate social responsibility distracts leaders from attaining the set economic goals. He believed that the social responsibility of any business is to increase profits. Further, he argued that any society benefits enormously when businesses focus more on maximizing their financial success (Friedman, 1970). On the other hand, Handy is critical of overemphasizing the share prices as the key metric for the success of any corporate organization. He candidly proposes that the main aim of a business is not to make profit only but to use the profit obtained in enhancing the livelihood of families of those who are engaged in business activities (Handy, 2002). It is crucial tto note that this narrow view by some leaders has led to unsustainable operation of firms in the societies where they operate. Hart (2011) argues that organizations should pay for all the negative consequences linked to their operations. Paradoxically, this type of end-of-pipe approach by various leaders and firms has resulted in what is called great trade-off illusion (Hart, 2011). It is a general belief that in order to meet the set societal obligations, businesses must enormously sacrifice their financial performances. Consequently, this misapprehension has made many businesses across the world view aspects like an envir onmental impact as one of the negative responsibilities as opposed to exploring all the creative possibilities that it are entailed (Hart,2011). Generally, in order to realize all the available sustainable opportunities, firms should develop new mindsets, which would enable them to develop full contextual solutions to the real problems faced. This should be done in a way that natural diversity and local culture are upheld (Hart, 2011). It is based on the factor that traditional assumptions concerning businesses should be discouraged, thus forging relationships that are built on respect, understanding, and trust to all the stakeholders involved. Buy custom The Great Trade-Off Illusion essay

Tea Party Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tea Party - Essay Example Eventually Americans imported tea from Netherland and sold it at a price even lower than the British tea. Carefully organized by patriots the â€Å"Tea Party† was a planned organization ready to lose a great amount of money if British sold tea to America at such a low rate. It is recollected that Boston was not the only region participating in the tea party. It was a game of fooling one another. While East India Company decided to unload the stock of tea refused by the Americans at prices even lower than the black market, these black marketers arranged a series of tea parties as a manipulative act.1 How did it start? The tea party started as a war between the Britain and its colonies that refused to buy tea from British East India Company because it was selling tea at a low price. The misunderstanding among the Indians was that it was being sold at a very high price. But the situation aggravated when they learnt that it was merely to adjust the increased tax levied on them by the crown. The colonizers sold tea bought from other regions at a much lower price than the East India Company. ... Unapologetic U.S. sovereignty iii. Constitutional originalism†.3 Way back in 1773 Samuel Adams urged the Governor of Massachusetts Thomas Hutchison to avoid conflict and condemn the British from loading tea in the colonies which was refused by Hutchison. Adams himself staged an anti-tea movement with 8000 men ashore. The Governor had refused to decline Britain from unloading. The final outburst was an attempt by fifty carefully chosen men who planned to attack the British ships.4 The Tea Party of the twenty-first century is not the only one associating itself with the Boston Tea Party of 1773. The more recent agitation from right-wing populist was after the release of the film â€Å"Network† in 1976 where a man shouts and calls himself as â€Å"mad as hell† urging the audience to repeat the same.5 What effect does it have on our politics? The authenticity of the Tea Party remains the point of scrutiny for most of the political figures. They have to question whethe r it is a genuine upheaval by the crown or is it a mere agenda by the right-wing media to further it for their own purposes. The Democrats have called these series of occurring movements in the American history as futile or â€Å"Astroturf† meaning a movement having no grassroots. In 2010 President Obama, a target of the Tea Party himself seeks for those in the outer circle with â€Å"legitimate concerns† while shunning the ones at the core who might be interested in demoting him by any means. Nearly 25 to 30 percent of the polls show that there is support for the Tea Parties. Party is used plural because it exists on several levels, incorporating competing factions sometimes as loose confederations. These supporters make up to tens of millions of Americans. Tea Party activists are angry with the

The Evolution of Cloud Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Evolution of Cloud - Assignment Example Cloud computing allows a user to access his data or even run computer software from a remote data center via the internet. However, the data being accessed or the software being run needs to be present or stored in a cloud, rather than on a personal computer hard drive or a company’s server. This form of computer architecture has allowed many small and medium companies to grow. This has been done by enabling employees to access important corporate data while on the move. This has come as an alternative to costly network infrastructure, which demanded huge capital outlay from small and medium enterprises. It is interesting to know that this technological innovation has emerged from the existing technology landscape. A demonstration of this technological innovation is the Hotmail account which uses technology delivered by cloud computing. It provides users with data that is not stored on a personal computer. Experts believe this form of computing to unleash the next great paradigm shift of personal computing. This paradigm shift will transform the traditional model of computing and open up new opportunities for businesses, consumers, the environment and economic growth. There are numerous benefits of cloud computing, for instance, those countries which are spending exceedingly on information and communications technology; they can use this technology to reduce approximately 20-50 percent of their current cost. By means of this form of computing, users can access their data or run software from virtually anywhere. However, they do need an internet connection to make this possible. Cloud computing enables users to run their own applications while using their internet service provider’s servers, operating systems, and storage facility. Experts believe that cloud computing has the potential to create up to 240,000 jobs in the short term.

Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility a Case Analysis of Enron Essay

Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility a Case Analysis of Enron - Essay Example 2. An evaluation of the potential role of corporate social responsibility in saving Enron in line with the criticisms of CSR by Friedman and Barry. 3. An assessment of whether Enron should have favoured some stakeholders ahead of others or not. 4. An evaluation of whether codes of conducts and stated core values have an effect on a business or not. Question 1 The Role of the CEO in the Enron Scandal This portion of the research examines whether Enron chief, Kenneth Lay acted immorally or not. In order to examine the issue well, the paper would use a broad range of assessment of morality to identify whether actions of Lay were appropriate or not. Each of these issues would be examined critically. Dominant and Unfettered Power and Control It is apparent that Kenneth Lay had dominant and unfettered powers and control over activities of Enron. This is because he had stayed in power for a very long time and had a lot of control in decision making. Although this in itself is not immoral, i t created the impetus for a lot of immoral and amoral activities to be carried out by Lay in conjunction with his fellow managers and directors. Ideally, a business needs to have some kind of control and checks to ensure that managers do not abuse the system (Crawford, 2006 p114). This reason justifies the need for the establishment of an Independent Board of Directors and a Management team. Again, the board needs to be headed by a person who is different from the CEO in order to create an ideal situation where no one in the top hierarchy can get uncontrolled power over the activities of the company. In the case of Kenneth Lay, he was the CEO and the Chairman of the Board of Enron for 17 years and had unfettered powers which contributed to a lot of wrongs in the company. Disregard for Core Principles Kenneth Lay stated that the core principles of Enron were communication, respect, integrity, and excellence. However, there is strong evidence that he led the company to override the ve ry standards he set and the system that was meant to safeguard the implementation of those standards. George and Jones identify that overriding standards and principles means disregard of rules and regulations for reasons that are not consistent with the best interest of the business (2009). As such, there is evidence that Kenneth Lay did things that undermined the core guiding principles that he set for Enron. First of all, he claimed that communication was key. However, there were major reporting issues in Enron that led to its collapse. Secondly, he claimed that respect was a key principle. However, it is apparent that some stakeholder groups like employees were given tough treatments and their rights were blatantly disregarded. Thirdly, Enron claimed to seek integrity but in reality, they had serious issues with truthfulness and the attempt to disguise the reality in its financial situation to maintain a positive image with the public and other stakeholders. Finally, Enron state d that they sought excellence. Although they might have been a leading business at some point in their history, they used unsustainable systems and structures to attain this end. This led to major long term issues which culminated in the collapse of the company. Since Kenneth Lay had extensive powers to ensure that the core principles that he had outlined would be honoured and he failed to do so, there is a major

Coaching And Mentoring For The Leadership And Management Management Essay

Coaching And Mentoring For The Leadership And Management Management Essay Both coaching and mentoring are procedures that facilitate together corporate and individual customers to attain their complete prospective. Coaching isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ A process that enables learning and development to occur and thus performance to improve. To be a successful Coach it requires a understanding and knowledge of progression as well as the diversity of styles, abilities and procedures that are suitable to the framework in which the coaching takes place. Eric Parsloe, The Manager as Coach and Mentor 1999 page 8 The communal cord tying all kinds of coaching mentoring is that these facilities offer a vehicle for investigation, consideration and accomplishment that finally allow the consumer to attain success in one more areas of their work or life. Mentoring isOff-line benefit by individual person to another in making substantial changes in knowledge, work or thinking. Clutterbuck, D Megginson, D, Mentoring Executives and Directors 1999 page 3 Coaching and Mentoring have many features in common that we can outline the similarities that coaches and mentors perform irrespective of the services offered in a paid (professional) or free (philanthropic) role. Simplify the investigation of desires, inspirations, requests, talents and thought processes to assist the individual in making genuine, lasting change. Implement interrogative methods to expedite clients own views in order to classify solutions and actions relatively than takes a wholly directive methodology. Support the client in setting suitable methods and objectives of evaluating progress related to these goals Be observant, attentive and ask relevant questions to recognize the clients position. Utilize tools and techniques creatively which includes, simplifying, counselling networking. Encourage the assurance to development and action of lasting personal change growth. Maintain unqualified optimistic respect to the client, that means the coach will be at all times non-judgmental and supportive of the client, their views, aspirations and lifestyle. Ensure clients have healthy dependencies with coaching and mentoring relationships develop personal competencies. Evaluate the consequences of the procedure, using objective procedures where possible to ensure the flourishing relationship and the client is succeeding their personal goals. Encourage clients to constantly progress capabilities and to improve new progressive pacts where essential to achieve their goals. Work within their range of particular capability. Possess recommendations and capability on the areas where skills-transfer coaching is provided. Administer the correlation to confirm the client accepts the suitable level of facility and there are neither too short, nor too long programmes. Difference between coaching and mentoring: We now know there are lots of similarities between Mentoring and Coaching. Mentoring: An Older or wiser colleague can pass on his experience, knowledge which enables an individual to follow his path to gain good opportunities. Coaching: Unless it is Client-specific/skill based, coaching may not directly focus on the direct experience of Clients formal occupational role. Executive Coaching Mentoring: Many times people overlap the terms Executive Business coaching or Mentoring and call themselves Executive/Business Coaches and Mentors in the marketplace. Coaching and mentoring should not just be seen as a luxury enjoyed by a few managers in large, well-funded development agencies, but something that has genuine value at all levels and all types of organisations. Hailey 2006:22 Executive Coaches and Mentors should basicallyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Have a track record in executive professional roles à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Work with those who are high-flyers or with those who have potential to be one. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Work on board at CEO level with high profile or blue-chip organizations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Maintain complete confidentially à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Work with business leaders and potential captains of industry Business coaching mentoring: Catalysts that inspire companies to implement Mentoring Coaching is to provide employees key support through career or role changes, mergers acquisitions changes and Organizational development changes. Coaching and Mentoring were mainly done by Senior Managers and company directors. These are now available as professional tool linked closely with company initiatives to help the staff to adapt changes which is consistent with their personal values and goals. Ad Coaching mentoring focus on client, improves morale, motivate individuals to enhance their productivity reduce staff turnover because it makes individual feel valued adapt to organizational changes. This role may be taken up by internal coaches, mentors or by any professional coaching agencies. Skills coaching and mentoring: Skills coaching is similar to one-one training. Coaches and Mentors have a holistic approach to individuals personal development with the capability to focus on the fundamental skills and requirements of an employee. They should be highly competent and experienced to outperform the skills they mentor or coach. Todays job market is changing and traditional training program is often inflexible or generic to deal with this fast pace of change. A one-to-one skills coaching allows much adaptive, flexible and on time approach to skills development. We can apply skills training in live environments instead of taking people into a classroom away from the job, where it is less effective to simulate real job environment. One-to-one skills training is not the similar to sitting next to Nelly approach to on the job training. The fundamental difference is that like any good personal or professional development intervention this is based on need assessment related to job roles that generates measurable learning and performance outcomes. This type of Skills training is likely to focus mainly on skills required to perform job function instead of telling or directive style. Personal coaching mentoring: Personal or life coaching is increasing considerably in the UK, Europe and Australia. Personal coaches may work in person along with the email and telephone based relationships. These coaches are mentors work in highly supportive roles to those who desire to make some form of significant change within their lives. Coaches propose their clients an encouraging and motivating environment to discover what they aspire in life and how they might achieve them to fulfill their needs. By being friendly and committed to action, coaching allows an individual his personal space and helps client to support themselves to grow and develop in their experiences. Coachs key role is often to help the client maintain the enthusiasm and dedication needed to accomplish their goals In many scenarios personal coaching is differentiated from completely with the focus and context of the programme. Business coaching is conducted always within the limitations placed on the individuals context or the organizational group. Personal coaching on the other hand is taken completely from a individuals perspective. The objectives, costs and benefits of a coaching scheme being introduced in an organisation: Between late 1930s and 1960s, coaching literature mainly focused on Internal triaining with Supervisors and Managers acting as coaching in the organizations. Paper by Gorby (1937) explains how the senior employees are trained to coach new employees. Another 1938 Publication by Bigelow discusses the advantages of Sales coaching. Mold in 1958 reported on the benefits of Manager acting as Coach and Maher(1964) identified the difficulties in Managers becoming effective coaches. Gershman in 1967 produced his doctoral research thesis that Supervisors/Managers who were trained as successful coaches helped to improve employees attitude and job performance. The cost/benefit analysis: The costs of a fully implemented coaching culture can be high, including some or all of the following: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Fees of external coaches. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Training costs of internal coaches and continuing fixed costs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lost chargeable time while individual coaching/mentoring is undertaken. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Training costs of professionals who wish to coach/ mentor in their management and client roles (both in the cost of training them and in the loss of time given up to coaching). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Increased time in using coaching as a learning tool (learning is a two-way process and takes longer). With such easily measured costs there will always be a challenge as to the benefit. This is a significant challenge for many organisations but as Bridget Allen, head of coaching at KPMG said: KPMG is a highly successful commercial organisation and does not adopt strategies and actions lightlywhile we may not measure the benefits of the coaching culture on a scientific basiswe wouldnt do it if it didnt work. How should organisations measure the benefits of a coaching scheme more systematically? The organisation could start with one-to-one coaching and individual performance (or possibly performance of their division/department). Success could be defined as a return on their expectations, which would be to achieve their coaching objectives. A complementary piece of research was undertaken by the Chartered Institute of Personnel Development recently. It asked a number of leading global companies the simple question Does coaching really work? (Chartered Institute of Personnel Development (2006)) 96% of respondents thought internal and external coaching were highly effective. Yet again, only 32% suggested that this conclusion could be based on KPI improvements; the remaining respondents agreed their conclusions were more subjective. Nonetheless, a more systematic way of measuring benefits from coaching programmes is possible and the results are compelling. In 2001, a US entity, Manchester Consulting Inc (Manchester Consulting Inc (2001), Coaching the ROI) undertook a return on investment exercise (using Fortune 1000 entities), comparing the costs of introducing a coaching programme with the benefits, as measured by increased revenue, cost savings and estimated financial gains from better relationships and improved KPIs. The overall return on cost (ROI) investment was calculated at some 600% as shown in the following table: It is easier to identify the impact of coaching/mentoring on individuals than it is to observe and assess impact at the organisational level. The learning histories illustrate, however, that changes at the individual level can, and sometimes do, permeate more widely through the organisation through improved styles of leadership, management and communication. Below are the tangible benefits from organisational changes that arose from a leadership coaching and mentoring: Time management and planning would be much improved. Individual staff working on issues such as communication skills and consciousness would rise in separating issues from people, to avoid personal attacks and conflict. The senior management would increase confidence in their roles and feel motivated by the coaching process. Awareness would be raised of potential pitfalls in cross-cultural communication. Efforts would be made to develop and finalise policies, systems and procedures. Understanding of internal staff politics and how to work effectively across an organisation in a leadership capacity, Influencing and negotiating more effectively. Investing time and effort in learning through coaching/mentoring helps to encourage a wider learning environment within an organisation and to develop an appreciation of the importance of learning for organisational change and development. I find, therefore, that while some organisations believe coaching gives a return on investment and measurable benefits, the overwhelming majority believe the benefits are not capable of such precise measure. The perceived benefits of coaching are strongly felt by our global respondents. Identifying what benchmarks you would use to judge the success of a coaching and mentoring scheme; Performance coaching derives its theoretical benchmarks and models from business, psychotherapy and sports psychology. It is an on-going process where a coach guides or encourages continuous improvement of the individuals effectiveness. Below are some of the industry proven methodologies/processes for benchmarking the success of coaching and mentoring scheme: GROW Model STEER OSKAR Model The GROW Model of Coaching: One of the first performance coaching models developed the GROW model continues to be the most popular. It is a simple yet powerful framework to guide coaching sessions (Dembkowski and Eldridge 2003). Coaches ask a series of questions relating to the persons Goal, their Reality, their Options and their Will. G Goal. The persons goal should be as specific and measurable as possible, enabling the coach to ask: How will you recognize that you have accomplished that goal? What are the anticipations of others? Who else needs to recognize about the plan? How will you notify them? R Reality. The current situation the person is experiencing needs careful analysis. Sometimes, simply by seeing the situation clearly (rather than what was imagined), the resolution becomes obvious. Coaches can ask: What has been stopping you reaching your goal? Do you know anybody who has achieved their goal? What learning they got from them? O Options. Once you know wherever you are and wherever you want to go, the next step is to explore the options you have for getting there. Coaches can question: What can you do as a step one? What else could you do? What would happen if you did nothing? W Will. To change and improve performance, motivation is necessary. The anticipated result from this stage is a assurance to action. The following questions can direct coaches: Where does this goal apt in with your individual significances at the instant? What complications do you assume to meet? How will you overawed them? How committed are you to this goal? What steps are needed to achieve this? The STEER Model The STEER model which is (Spot, Tailor, Explain, Encourage and Review), similar to GROW, is duty concerned with and also has its base in the domain of game. But it varies from GROW model, and from other prototypes, in that it includes the coach signifying how a particular task must be done. S Spot training requirements T Tailor training content to meet the needs of individuals E Explain and determine how the duty would be completed E Encourage the individual however he/she is learning R Review progress during and on completion of learning. Solution-focused Coaching: The OSKAR model As with other models, the OSKAR model is a series of suggested questions to help guide both individual sessions and the overall process. This model makes use of a scale (0-10) so that participants can visualise where they are, where they want to be, and with the support of the coach work out how they could reach where they would like to be on a linear image. This style of questioning is designed to stimulate the coachee/mentee to analyse their own situation for themselves, and articulate how they can change according to their own experiences. O- Outcome What is the objective of this coaching? What do you want to achieve today? S Scaling On a scale of 0-10, with 0 representing the least it has ever remained and 10 the preferred future, where would you put the situation today? Describe your position in life now (lets call it n) whatever organized you ensure to get this far? How would you know you had get to a better situation than you are at now (n+1)? K Know-how and resources What helps you perform at the level you are at now (n on the scale), rather than at the worst it has ever been (0 on the scale)? When does the consequence at present happen for you even a tiny bit? What did you do to make that transpire? How did you do that? A Affirm and action What is already going well? What is the next small step? You are now at the position you just described (n), what would it take to get to a better situation (n+1)? R Review: whats better? What did you do that made the change transpire? What effects have the changes had? What do you think will change next? What changes adopting such a system might have on the organisations culture and knowledge management system CEOs and leadership teams are exciting with the supervision of people in complex organizations. Great leaders construct a philosophy in their businesses that initiatives the effects they want to accomplish. It is the leader of an association who is in the finest position to inspire culture change.   No one person, nevertheless, can change an entire culture. Impelling culture involves obtaining the trust and enhancing the capabilities and motivation of those who follow.   The leader has the potential to create the situation that becomes a powerful source of recognition and commitment for employees (Schein, 1992). The assumptions, beliefs and attitudes that monitor a companys distinguishing way of doing business outline a companys culture. Organizational culture can be a foremost aspect in a companys success or failure over time. Cultural individualities and values may be clear or not so clear.   Occasionally they are the least understandable to those who are drive in within the companys way of doing and observing things.   Also, culture in great associations has sub-cultures which are complex that activate in diverse parts of the corporation.   On an individual level, it is not constantly deceptive to leaders how their own behaviour (or that of their supervisors) teaches, models and emphasises the enterprise culture.    A companys culture affects bottom line financial outcomes and in some scenarios cited as the key factor determining the failure of a merger. In a large-scale survey (Galpin Herndon, 2000, p. 236) 57% of enterprises quoted risk of confrontation to change to their mergers success. 73% quoted leadership as being the aim for the accomplishment of their merger and acquisition 35% cited cultural compatibility as actuality the purpose for the victory of their merger and acquisition.   Other facts (Denison, 1990) advises that assured cultural manifestations, such as mission (a meaningful long-term direction), adaptability (responsiveness to the business environment), consistency (values and systems) and involvement (strong capability/ownership) are ominously related to a companys customer satisfaction, return on investments, sales growth, return on assets and other consequences. Knowledge Management Coaching and Mentoring: You know the value of Knowledge Management. You know that if you can introduce a system of knowledge transfer and re-use, you can help your company reduce costs, risk and rework, and deliver secure business success. You need to implement an approach that enables staff facing a new and unfamiliar problem to find valid, tried and tested knowledge based on long experience, which can help provide solutions. You need to implement Knowledge Management. However implementing Knowledge Management may itself be a new and unfamiliar problem something you have never done before. Where can you find valid, tried and tested knowledge and solutions? Where can you find sound practical advice, which you know is based on long experience? If Knowledge Management is of real business value, then knowledge about Knowledge Management is of even greater value. You need to find mentors: people you can trust and from whom you can learn about implementing Knowledge Management. People who can help you reduce costs, risk and rework, and deliver the secure business success of your Knowledge Management program. Finding a mentor in the current Knowledge Management world is not easy. There are a wealth of consultants out there, and it can be difficult to know which ones can really help you. Cost is not a valid guide you need to look at depth of relevant experience. This experience can be gained through, ongoing coaching and mentoring. Conclusion For coaching and mentoring to make a significant contribution to leadership development requires more mentors and coaches. Many capacity-building efforts that include a coaching and mentoring component fail simply because there are too few good quality local coaches on hand to provide follow up. There is a need to invest in the development of local coaches and mentors. The range of experiences of coaching/mentoring within CSOs highlight various issues and considerations. Whereas the overriding principles remain constant, particular considerations relating to context emerged from ur research. From the earliest stages of designing coaching/mentoring processes, practitioners need to bear these considerations in mind to pre-empt particular issues that may arise. Key Considerations for Coaching and Mentoring: The person has to be committed to change. The person should be able to choose their mentor/coach. All parties should prioritise and plan for coaching/mentoring. They should be seen as a core activities, rather than an add-on. The organisation and manager (if applicable) need to provide support for the process. The organisation needs to allocate sufficient time and funds. Patience is needed especially with difficult leaders and in situations of internal conflict: it is a long-term process. Post-conflict situations throw up particular problems of weak capacity. While enthusiastic, we must also remain realistic about mentoring and coaching. They cannot solve all problems in organisations and leadership. If the wrong person is in post, mentoring may not help; if the person is not committed to improving their own performance, coaching will not add value; if the person wants technical recommendations from outside, mentoring will be frustrating for all. In short, we first need to understand the context clearly, and then work out with the client the most appropriate capacity-building solution.

Transition in Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been Essay -- Where

Transition in Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Each of us experiences transitions in our lives. Some of these changes are small, like moving from one school semester to the next. Other times these changes are major, like the transition between youth and adulthood. In Joyce Carol Oates' "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?", the author dramatizes a real life crime story to examine the decisive moment people face when at the crossroads between the illusions and innocence of youth and the uncertain future.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Joyce Carol Oates' message of life and transitions is best understood when the reader brings his or her interpretation to meet with the author's intention at a middle ground. This type of literary analysis is known as Reader Response. In Reader-Response, the emphasis is placed on "the idea that various readers respond in various ways, and therefore [the] readers as well as authors 'create' meaning" (Barnet, et. al. 1997). In this story of life passages and crucial events, it is imperative that the reader has a solid response to Oates' efforts in order to fully comprehend the message. Literature is a combined meeting between the intentions of the author and the reaction of the reader.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The author begins her message with the title of her work, which conveys the idea of passages of time in life. The phrase "where are you going" suggests a time in the future, and the phrase "where have you been" evokes the past. Oates' message continues through the plot and characters. The basic elements of "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?" are rooted in a true story of a 1965 crime. Occurring just a year before Oates' 1966 story was published, the "parallels between [th... ...et al. New York: Longman 1997. * * Reaske, Christopher R. and John Knott, Jr. "Interview With Joyce Carol Oates." Mirrors: An Introduction to Literature. 2nd ed. Eds. John Knott, Jr. and Christopher Reaske. San Francisco: Canfield Press 1975. * * Tierce, Mike and John Michael Crafton. "Connie's Tambourine Man: A New Reading of Arnold Friend. Literature: Thinking, Reading, and Writing Critically. 2nd ed. Eds. Sylvan Barnet, et al. New York: Longman 1997. * * Wegs, Joyce M. "'Don't You Know Who I Am?' The Grotesque in Oates' 'Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?'" Critical Essays on Joyce Carol Oates. Ed. Linda W. Wagner. Boston: G. K. Hall 1979. * * Winslow, Joan D. "The Stranger Within: Two Stories by Oates and Hawthorne." Ed. Thomas Votteler. Vol. 6 of Short Story Criticism. New York: Gale Research 1990.         

Imaginary friend

Imaginary friend Dear Imaginary friend I hope this letter could make up for the past years, because ever since you've came back to my life I feel completed , because you have been the only one that I could tell my little dirty secret and not feel the urge to feel ashamed because you would never In a million years Judge me , you were my only true friend that knew who I truly was, and have never ratted me out that why I have love you more than anything In this oral for this long.Nevertheless, this past few days It feels Like part of you haven't forgiving me yet for the ways I treated you back then when I was still a little boy.I neglected you like you were nothing compared to something, the distress and shame I caused you, and also putting everyone else needs before yours especially my selfish self centered girlfriend who want it all , but don't blame her blame me because I was the stupid one who never knew wrong from right like I said I was still a little kid, but owe that I am all gr own up I realize my mistake for letting you go I should have fight for you, for us because back then I never realize how much you meant to me until you left, because each day that you were gone and not by my side I felt really lonely even my girlfriend and family could bring back the Joy and happiness that we had, but I never meant to hurt you I Just thought because no one could see you I could treat you any how I want, and since you were on my head I never thought you could leave me, and am really sorry for that. I know having an imaginary friend at the age of 35 might seem crazy to other people who don't understand but I don't care because with you I feel comfortable an safe, and all I have ever wished for is that one day you would come back.In conclusion, now that you are back I want to make up for the past 23 years ,and even it mean by leaving my girlfriend am ready to make the sacrifice I Just want everything to go back to the way they were except for the neglecting part, and I promise you would always come first no matter the circumstances I am In. His has being really tough for me, but I Just want to ask why did you ever left me was It the stuff I did to you, because If It Is I take full responsibly for my action, or If It something else let me know so I don't go through life feeling guilty for something I never did. Tell me what can I do to make the pain go away, or at least could you tell me how feel towards me because am done being kept In the dark. Please Just forgive me because I really missed you so much, and now that you are back I just want to everything Sincerely,

Birlings attitudes Essays

Birlings attitudes Essays Birlings attitudes Essay Birlings attitudes Essay The Inspectors whole approach to the investigation is totally unorthodox; he investigates each character one at a time and more or less in chronological order of what happened to the girl, whereas a normal investigation would work backwards from the events that took place immediately before the girls suicide. The way he treats the other characters is interesting as well, he isnt afraid to contradict or be rude to them even though they are his social superiors. He asks blunt and directly to the point questions and doesnt hesitate to interrupt or challenge what the Birlings and Gerald are saying, Gerald: I dont see why-  Inspector: (cutting in massively) You herd what I said before, Mr Croft. One line of inquiry at a time. Otherwise well all be talking at once and wont know where we are. If youve anything to tell me, youll have the opportunity of doing it soon.  Even though the Inspector says that he is new to Brumley, he appears to know a lot about the other characters and the area and a lot more than he could simply have gained from Eva Smiths diary. The Inspector creates a lot of suspense by keeping certain characters waiting and not explaining to them that he intends to interview each of them separately, i.e. Gerald and Eric who are excluded from seeing the photograph, and suggesting that there might be reasons why they should not see the photograph and stopping Eric from going to bed as  Inspector: It might be less trouble. If you turn in, you might have to turn out again soon  He then doesnt go on to explain why he might want to talk to Eric later but carries on with his investigation creating tension and curiosity. Later in the beginning of Act 2. though Mr Birling becomes angry that the Inspector would not let Eric go to bed and asks him to bring Erics interview forward and the Inspector tells him that Eric must wait his turn. Any normal investigation might have brought Erics interview forward to save time in the long run and to let the child go to bed, but not the Inspector. The Inspector even requests that Gerald stay as he is marrying Sheila yet does not explain why, this increases tension and makes the audience think that Sheila has done something that Gerald should know about.  Inspector: I see. Mr Croft is going to marry Miss Sheila Birling?  Gerald: (smiling) I hope so.  Inspector: (gravely) Then Id prefer you to stay  Gerald: (surprised) oh- all right.  In the beginning when the Inspector first arrives he confirms that Mr Birling is not the only person he has come to interview prompts the other characters to become worried and anxious. Birling: You didnt just come here to see me, then?  Inspector: No.  The other four exchange bewildered and perturbed glances.  At the end of Act 2. Eric leaves the house with out the Inspectors permission and the inspector insists that Eric is needed and if hes not back soon hell have to go and find him the stage directions tell us that at this, Birling and Mrs Birling exchange bewildered and rather frightened glances. By not explaining why Eric is so badly needed there he increases the tension and creates and worried atmosphere between the other characters. The Inspectors role in this play is one of a moral messenger. He is Priestleys mouth piece to speak to the audience and convince them to change for the better and not revert to the old ways. Although Eric is the only character to commit an actually criminal offence it is the other characters, who it could be said have committed the 7 deadly sins (Mrs Birling, pride, Mr Birling, greed, Sheila, envy) who the Inspector is more interested in. He focuses on moral wrongs rather than legally wrong crimes and refers to responsibility and guilt sharing rather than law-breaking and prosecution. He doesnt even take notes or make an arrangement to see Eric again, who has committed a crime. However each character is punished in an appropriate way. Birling fears for his familys reputation at the inquest; Sheila feels shame for her selfishness; Gerald has his affair revealed in front of Sheila; Mrs Birling has her illusions about her children and the respectability of her family shattered by Eric and Eric is revealed before his short sighted parents as a spoilt and inadequate young man. In each case the punishment is a consequence of their own behaviour it is not the Inspector himself that brigs about their punishment. The Inspectors main concern is to hear them confess and except at least some of the responsibility for the girls death. Inspector: (taking charge, masterfully) Stop! And be quiet for a moment and listen to me. I dont need to know anymore. Neither do you. This girl killed herself- and died a horrible death. But each of you helped to kill her. Remember that. Never forget it. (he looks from one to the other of them carefully). But then I dont think you ever will. Remember what you did, Mrs Birling. You turned her away when she most needed your help. You refused her even the pitiable little bit of organized charity you had in your power to grant her. Inspector: Just used for the end of a stupid drunken evening, as if she was an animal, a thing, not a person. No, you wont forget. (He looks at Sheila) You helped-but didnt start it. (Rather savagely to Birling)You started it. She wanted twenty-five shillings a week instead of twenty-two and sixpence. You made her pay a heavy price for that. And shell make you pay an even heavier price still. No, I dont think any of you will forget. Nor that young man Croft, though he at least had some affection for her and made her happy for a time. Well Eva Smiths gone. You cant do her anymore harm. And you cant do her any good now either. You cant even say Im sorry Eva Smith. But just remember this. One Eva Smiths has gone- but there are millions and millions of Eva Smiths and John Smiths still left with us, with their lives, their hopes and fears, their suffering and chance of happiness, all intertwined with our lives, and what we think and say and do. After delivering his moral message and trying to get the characters to change , the Inspector leaves, with no mention of returning or of bringing any criminal charges against Eric who has broken the law. But in fact if it is the Inspectors job to make the characters reframe from their selfish and morally wrong views then he has failed in this job as maybe only two of the characters, Sheila and Eric, who begin to change their attitudes, were as Mr Mrs Birling and Gerald quickly lapse back into their old attitudes and ways.  The Inspector abrupt departure, like his sudden arrival leaves the characters feeling shocked and stunned at what has just happened and in a n almost dream like state, wondering if it was real. This is probably why some (not all) of the characters are so quick to jump at the idea that it was all a trick and the Inspector was not an inspector. Through-out the play the Inspector adds to the tension and atmosphere. His arrival just as Mr Birling has made his (morally wrong) opinions known; this right from the start of the play supplies the audience with a dramatic irony that focuses their interests on the play and the characters. Even the atmosphere changes when the Inspector arrives, the light-hearted, happy diner party atmosphere disappears and is replaced with a harsh, truthful atmosphere. His looks and manner towards the other characters, creates tension as he isnt afraid to contradict or be rude to them even though they are his social superiors. He is or need not be a small man but however creates an impression of massiveness and of purposefulness; this comes across in the whole atmosphere he creates. He uses many tactics such as the photograph and graphically detailed descriptions to shock both the audiences and the characters. By shocking the audience he can best get across his moral warning and by shocking the other characters he can best get them to open up to him and admit their wrongs. The Inspectors overall approach to the investigation is totally irregular, which creates dramatic interest and in some points emotional conflicts which create tension and keep the audiences attention. But even after he has left, he is still creating interest and tension as the characters try to decide whether or not he was a real inspector and in fact whether or not he was actually real. A further way in which Priestley helps us to understand the Inspectors role in the play is through the Inspectors own speech. When he first arrives at the Birlings house and throughout the rest of the play, Inspector Goole keeps referring to and describing Eva Smiths death in a distasteful manner, swallowed a lot of strong disinfectant, she was in great agony her position now is that she lies with a burnt-out inside on a slab. I think this is to create an atmosphere of guilt for the Birlings in the hope that they might seriously consider what part they could have played in this tragedy.  rately steps over the normal boundaries that would appear in a criminal inquiry. The Inspector has the ingenious ability to act as a catalyst in the play extracting information from people by only saying a few words. Not as Eva Smith? As what then? She talked about herself? Did she drink much? What happened? The Inspector judges them but he offers neither punishment nor forgiveness to them. The implication is they must judge themselves. Hes giving us the rope so that well hang ourselves. Sheila says. The Inspector shows the Birlings for whom they really are, he reveals them to each other.   Eric? Oh Im afraid he may have had rather too much to drink tonight. We have a little celebration here -  Isnt he used too drinking? No off course not. Hes only a boy. We really must stop these silly pretences. This isnt the time to pretend that Eric isnt used to the drink. The Birlings are deeply affected by the Inspectors investigation yet the younger generation are more affected than the older. You seemed to have made a great impression on the child Inspector. Sheila and Eric realize where they have gone wrong and will be better people because of him. I know Im to blame -and Im desperately sorry Yet Mr and Mrs Birling seem to think that the girl,s death had nothing to do with them. Theres every excuse for what both your mother and I did-it turned out unfortunately, thats all As Sheila and Eric become more mature and face their responsibilities they begin to turn against their parents Thats just what I feel, Eric and its what they (Mr and Mrs Birling) dont seem to understand. In the beginning of the play Sheila referred to Mrs Birling as mummy and towards the end, her language becomes more formal and she calls her Mother Mirroring the fact that she has matured as she accepts her responsibilities in the death of Eva Smith. The Inspector is an eerie and supernatural character. He seems to be omniscient (all knowing.) He knows all about Eva Smiths past life and about what the Birlings have done and never seems surprised by what he hears. He knows of course he knows and I hate to think how much he knows that we dont know yet. Are you sure you dont know Priestly purposely does not use a question mark in this quote to show that the Inspector already knows the answer. The Inspector tries to account for his knowledge through items found in Eva Smiths room a diary and some letters. I had an idea it might be from something the girl herself wrote She kept a rough sort of diary. And she said there that she had to go awayShe felt thered never be anything as good again for her. The inspectors method of speech is so contradictory to the hyperbole spoken so confidently by Mr. Birling that he feels threatened by the inspectors ability to undermine his authority, Could I have a drink first, No, Yes, Alright go then.  J.B Priestley was well known for his ability to incorporate time in his plays. An Inspector Calls creates a real and believable sense of safety for the audience and collapses that gradually as the inspector develops. Throughout his life Priestley was interested in the theories of Jung and Ouspensky; this would tell us that he believed a policeman in our dreams usually signifies our conscience. The inspector has an aura of mystery that allows him to have a sharp penetrating quality gained by his inner knowledge. As the play develops the audience begin to feel that it is a slight coincidence the whole family being caught up in one girl. At the end they find out that the inspector was a fake but what it showed was that their individual actions were wrong and their actions and attitudes hurt people. In the end, like at the start of the play priestly highlights the Birlings attitudes. He moves the play into a new direction because we now know that the whole play was about showing the Birlings that their actions hurt people and their attitudes are also wrong. Also the ending showed the audience what would happen if your actions were selfish and were just about yourself. I was a warning that if you acted like the birlings bad things would happen to other people. The inspector is a dramatic device  The inspector interests the audience by being mysterious; he carries an air of authority about him.

The Earths Core - Its Structure and Possible Composition

The Earth's Core - Its Structure and Possible Composition A century ago, science barely knew that the Earth even had a core. Today we are tantalized by the core and its connections with the rest of the planet. Indeed, were at the start of a golden age of core studies. The Cores Gross Shape We knew by the 1890s, from the way Earth responds to the gravity of the Sun and Moon, that the planet has a dense core, probably iron. In 1906 Richard Dixon Oldham found that earthquake waves move through the Earths center much slower than they do through the mantle around it- because the center is liquid. In 1936 Inge Lehmann reported that something reflects seismic waves from within the core. It became clear that the core consists of a thick shell of liquid iron- the outer core- with a smaller, solid inner core at its center. Its solid because at that depth the high pressure overcomes the effect of high temperature. In 2002 Miaki Ishii and Adam Dziewonski of Harvard University published evidence of an innermost inner core some 600 kilometers across. In 2008 Xiadong Song and Xinlei Sun proposed a different inner inner core about 1200 km across. Not much can be made of these ideas until others confirm the work. Whatever we learn raises new questions. The liquid iron must be the source of Earths geomagnetic field-   the geodynamo- but how does it work? Why does the geodynamo flip, switching magnetic north and south, over geologic time? What happens at the top of the core, where molten metal meets the rocky mantle? Answers began to emerge during the 1990s. Studying the Core Our main tool for core research has been earthquake waves, especially those from large events like the 2004 Sumatra quake. The ringing normal modes, which make the planet pulsate with the sort of motions you see in a large soap bubble, are useful for examining large-scale deep structure. But a big problem is nonuniqueness- any given piece of seismic evidence can be interpreted more than one way. A wave that penetrates the core also traverses the crust at least once and the mantle at least twice, so a feature in a seismogram may originate in several possible places. Many different pieces of data must be cross-checked. The barrier of nonuniqueness faded somewhat as we began to simulate the deep Earth in computers with realistic numbers, and as we reproduced high temperatures and pressures in the laboratory with the diamond-anvil cell. These tools (and length-of-day studies) have let us peer through the layers of the Earth until at last we can contemplate the core. What the Core Is Made Of Considering that the whole Earth on average consists of the same mixture of stuff we see elsewhere in the solar system, the core has to be iron metal along with some nickel. But its less dense than pure iron, so about 10 percent of the core must be something lighter. Ideas about what that light ingredient is have been evolving. Sulfur and oxygen have been candidates for a long time, and even hydrogen has been considered. Lately, there has been a rise of interest in silicon, as high-pressure experiments and simulations suggest that it may dissolve in molten iron better than we thought. Maybe more than one of these is down there. It takes a lot of ingenious reasoning and uncertain assumptions to propose any particular recipe- but the subject is not beyond all conjecture. Seismologists continue to probe the inner core. The cores eastern hemisphere appears to differ from the western hemisphere in the way the iron crystals are aligned. The problem is hard to attack because seismic waves have to go pretty much straight from an earthquake, right through the Earths center, to a seismograph. Events and machines that happen to be lined up just right are rare. And the effects are subtle. Core Dynamics In 1996, Xiadong Song and Paul Richards confirmed a prediction that the inner core rotates slightly faster than the rest of the Earth. The magnetic forces of the geodynamo seem to be responsible. Over geologic time, the inner core grows as the whole Earth cools. At the top of the outer core, iron crystals freeze out and rain into the inner core. At the base of the outer core, the iron freezes under pressure taking much of the nickel with it. The remaining liquid iron is lighter and rises. These rising and falling motions, interacting with geomagnetic forces, stir the whole outer core at a speed of 20 kilometers a year or so. The planet Mercury also has a large iron core and a magnetic field, though much weaker than Earths. Recent research hints that Mercurys core is rich in sulfur and that a similar freezing process stirs it, with iron snow falling and sulfur-enriched liquid rising. Core studies surged in 1996 when computer models by Gary Glatzmaier and Paul Roberts first reproduced the behavior of the geodynamo, including spontaneous reversals. Hollywood gave Glatzmaier an unexpected audience when it used his animations in the action movie The Core. Recent high-pressure lab work by Raymond Jeanloz, Ho-Kwang (David) Mao and others has given us hints about the core-mantle boundary, where liquid iron interacts with silicate rock. The experiments show that core and mantle materials undergo strong chemical reactions. This is the region where many think mantle plumes originate, rising to form places like the Hawaiian Islands chain, Yellowstone, Iceland, and other surface features. The more we learn about the core, the closer it becomes. PS: The small, close-knit group of core specialists all belong to the SEDI (Study of the Earths Deep Interior) group and read its Deep Earth Dialog newsletter. And they use the Special Bureau for the Cores website  as a central repository for geophysical and bibliographic data.